Beggars, Iconoclasts, and Civic PatriotsThe Dutch Revolt has long been hailed as the triumph of political freedom over monarchical tyranny. In 1781, John Adams observed that the American Revolution was its "transcript." Known for its many protagonistsKing Philip II, the Duke of Alba, the counts of Egmont and Hornes, radical Calvinists, obstreperous townspeople, and William of Orangethe Dutch Revolt brought into relief conflicts among civic freedoms, religious dissent, representative